Most people think changing the world is more about changing other peoples habits than their own, but most people who make a positive impact in the world lead by example.
Friday 16 January 2015
Complaining
Complaining about what is without working towards what could be is immature.
Most people think changing the world is more about changing other peoples habits than their own, but most people who make a positive impact in the world lead by example.
Most people think changing the world is more about changing other peoples habits than their own, but most people who make a positive impact in the world lead by example.
Thursday 15 January 2015
What is Islam?
So what is Islam? Is it what Muslims do?
No, otherwise eating pork or drinking alcohol could be considered Islamic, as some Muslims certainly do. Clearly not all Muslims follow Islam, as not all Christians or Jews follow their religion. Actually what Islam is - is not all that open to interpretation. There are two statements that all Muslims agree with: "There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his profit." If you say that declaration in Arabic you become a Muslim.
Islam is the worship of Allah + the imitation of Mohammed as described in The Koran (of which there are two, one written in Medina and one in Mecca), the Siras, and the Haddith. The earlier Koran is not really a problem, it has the phrases about how "let there be no compulsion in religion", that "you have your religion and I have mine", &c. in it and was written by Mohammed when he was in Mecca. The later Koran is more problematic as it has the most intolerant and radical passages in it, "I shall cast terror into the hearts of the Kafirs. Strike of their heads, strike off the very tips of their fingers!" Unfortunately there is a notion in Islam that "later verses take priority of importance over earlier ones" (abrogation.) Every tolerant verse in the Koran is later somewhere abrogated in the text.
Islam is a peculiar religion because you cannot actually practice Islam with its primary text, The Koran, alone. The Koran states in over ninety verses that every Muslim should live his life as Mohammed lived his life. If Islam were only the worship of Allah, then one could practice Islam simply by reading the Koran, however, because Islam is also the imitation of Mohammed we need to go to The Sira (an eight-hundred-page biography of Mohammed) and the Haddith - a collection of little stories about Mohammed called "The Traditions" - in order to find out how he lived.
Unfortunately, when we turn to these texts we find that Mohammed - who is meant to be emulated - was a conqueror who cut heads off and consummated a marriage with a 9 year old. In light of this the Islamic doctrine as a whole is not very friendly to non-Muslims or Muslim women. The Kafir can be tortured, raped, enslaved, deceived and murdered. Women are men’s “fields,” worth half what a man is; men can have sex with them whenever they want, marry them at a prepubescent age, or own them as sex slaves. There is no notion of the golden rule in Islam, as pertains to non-Muslims, only other Muslims are under the protection of the doctrine.
While to us the "good Muslim" is the moderate Muslim, in Islam proper - the "good Muslim" is the one who best emulates Mohammed, therefore when we talk about radical Islam we are talking about a literal reading of the text (particularly the second Koran.) When we talk about "moderate Islam" that is actually also an accurate reading of the text - all those passages are in there. Both are true. It's not that one is right and the other is wrong. Open it up and you will find passages to support both interpretations.
Conservatives will say that radical Islam is caused by the doctrine, and Liberals that it is all the fault of Western foreign policy. Certainly, the US and its allies have regularly supported radical Islamists, certainly in Afghanistan against the Russians, Saudi Arabia being the most obvious example, president Reagan supported Zia ul-Haq, the most brutal of Pakistan's dictators who carried out a programme of radical Islamisation (with Saudi funding). America has also infuriated the Muslim world by supporting Israel, stationing troops on the Arabian Peninsula, and propping up its dictators in spite of movements in various countries towards democracy or the adoption of socialistic governments, and waging war on predominantly Muslim nations. Since our 2003 incursion into Iraq, at least 151,000 and possibly over a million Muslims have been killed in that country.
It is ignorant for conservatives to turn a blind eye to the history of Western Imperialism, and naive for liberals to imagine that the Islamic doctrine has nothing whatever to do with how Muslims behave. The truth about why Islamic people of the world are, on average, more radical than Western religionists is more likely to be a combination of both, as well as other factors - particularly the very authoritarian parenting styles which are prevalent in Islamic countries and even amongst many Muslim families in Western countries. (We not that in the "bible belt" where we encounter a far more radical form of Christianity, the parenting styles are more retrograde than in the more secular parts of America - in some states corporal punishment is legal in schools.)
Whenever an aspect of Islam is unpleasant people will say “That’s not the real Islam” - but there is only one authority on what Islam is, and that is Mohammed. That is to be found in The Koran (both of them), The Sira, and The Haddith.
I would like to acknowledge Dr. Bill Warner, Sam Harris, and Dr. Noam Chomsky for being my main sources of education on Islam.
No, otherwise eating pork or drinking alcohol could be considered Islamic, as some Muslims certainly do. Clearly not all Muslims follow Islam, as not all Christians or Jews follow their religion. Actually what Islam is - is not all that open to interpretation. There are two statements that all Muslims agree with: "There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his profit." If you say that declaration in Arabic you become a Muslim.
Islam is the worship of Allah + the imitation of Mohammed as described in The Koran (of which there are two, one written in Medina and one in Mecca), the Siras, and the Haddith. The earlier Koran is not really a problem, it has the phrases about how "let there be no compulsion in religion", that "you have your religion and I have mine", &c. in it and was written by Mohammed when he was in Mecca. The later Koran is more problematic as it has the most intolerant and radical passages in it, "I shall cast terror into the hearts of the Kafirs. Strike of their heads, strike off the very tips of their fingers!" Unfortunately there is a notion in Islam that "later verses take priority of importance over earlier ones" (abrogation.) Every tolerant verse in the Koran is later somewhere abrogated in the text.
Islam is a peculiar religion because you cannot actually practice Islam with its primary text, The Koran, alone. The Koran states in over ninety verses that every Muslim should live his life as Mohammed lived his life. If Islam were only the worship of Allah, then one could practice Islam simply by reading the Koran, however, because Islam is also the imitation of Mohammed we need to go to The Sira (an eight-hundred-page biography of Mohammed) and the Haddith - a collection of little stories about Mohammed called "The Traditions" - in order to find out how he lived.
Unfortunately, when we turn to these texts we find that Mohammed - who is meant to be emulated - was a conqueror who cut heads off and consummated a marriage with a 9 year old. In light of this the Islamic doctrine as a whole is not very friendly to non-Muslims or Muslim women. The Kafir can be tortured, raped, enslaved, deceived and murdered. Women are men’s “fields,” worth half what a man is; men can have sex with them whenever they want, marry them at a prepubescent age, or own them as sex slaves. There is no notion of the golden rule in Islam, as pertains to non-Muslims, only other Muslims are under the protection of the doctrine.
While to us the "good Muslim" is the moderate Muslim, in Islam proper - the "good Muslim" is the one who best emulates Mohammed, therefore when we talk about radical Islam we are talking about a literal reading of the text (particularly the second Koran.) When we talk about "moderate Islam" that is actually also an accurate reading of the text - all those passages are in there. Both are true. It's not that one is right and the other is wrong. Open it up and you will find passages to support both interpretations.
Conservatives will say that radical Islam is caused by the doctrine, and Liberals that it is all the fault of Western foreign policy. Certainly, the US and its allies have regularly supported radical Islamists, certainly in Afghanistan against the Russians, Saudi Arabia being the most obvious example, president Reagan supported Zia ul-Haq, the most brutal of Pakistan's dictators who carried out a programme of radical Islamisation (with Saudi funding). America has also infuriated the Muslim world by supporting Israel, stationing troops on the Arabian Peninsula, and propping up its dictators in spite of movements in various countries towards democracy or the adoption of socialistic governments, and waging war on predominantly Muslim nations. Since our 2003 incursion into Iraq, at least 151,000 and possibly over a million Muslims have been killed in that country.
It is ignorant for conservatives to turn a blind eye to the history of Western Imperialism, and naive for liberals to imagine that the Islamic doctrine has nothing whatever to do with how Muslims behave. The truth about why Islamic people of the world are, on average, more radical than Western religionists is more likely to be a combination of both, as well as other factors - particularly the very authoritarian parenting styles which are prevalent in Islamic countries and even amongst many Muslim families in Western countries. (We not that in the "bible belt" where we encounter a far more radical form of Christianity, the parenting styles are more retrograde than in the more secular parts of America - in some states corporal punishment is legal in schools.)
Whenever an aspect of Islam is unpleasant people will say “That’s not the real Islam” - but there is only one authority on what Islam is, and that is Mohammed. That is to be found in The Koran (both of them), The Sira, and The Haddith.
I would like to acknowledge Dr. Bill Warner, Sam Harris, and Dr. Noam Chomsky for being my main sources of education on Islam.
Saturday 3 January 2015
Nietzsche
I think, like many continental philosophers, Nietzsche studied himself and his own inclinations and universalised them to the world. he found that his will to power was the dominant force in his psyche. To me the genealogy of morals is an interesting historical myth, through the lens of which we see one man's attempt to understand why his contemporaries so slavishly accepted the norms of their society without question or critical thought. It must have been hard for Nietzsche. In the introductory passages he acknowledges three, at most four, people who truly influenced and revolutionised his thinking. How lonely for a man so a head of his time to struggle to find mental stimulation and peers in a world that shone a flame so dull in comparison to an intellect that burned so bright.
For someone hailed as a nihilist, right-winger, or anti-humanist for me his writing is exceedingly humanitarian, exemplified - for me - by the first passages of the untimely meditation on the comparative advantages and disadvantages of history for life. He is a beautiful writer, and I love his secular myth - the Zarathustra.
For someone hailed as a nihilist, right-winger, or anti-humanist for me his writing is exceedingly humanitarian, exemplified - for me - by the first passages of the untimely meditation on the comparative advantages and disadvantages of history for life. He is a beautiful writer, and I love his secular myth - the Zarathustra.
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